Kremlin And Red Square report
The Kremlin is a group of buildings in Russia located in the heart of Moscow. It is the symbol of the Russian Federation, the seat of the Presidential Palace, and was one of the residences of the Russian tsars. At the bend of the Moscow River is a complex of colorful and unique buildings. It is one of the largest and oldest palace complexes in the world.
"Kremlin" means "inner city" in Russian. The Kremlin is located on Borovitsky Hill, the most central part of the Russian capital, facing the Moskva River to the south, the Alexander Rovsky Garden to the northwest, and the Red Square to the northeast, in a triangular shape. Successive Russian tsars expanded the area of this complex and built different churches, auditoriums, palaces, etc., according to their political needs.
The Kremlin is "the eighth wonder of the world." This majestic complex is also one of the national symbols of Russia, one of the largest in the world, and a treasure trove of historical treasures and cultural and artistic monuments. This post introduces more interesting facts about the Kremlin and Red Square.
Architecture And Size Descriptions
The architecture of the Kremlin complex is a mixture of Byzantine, Russian, Baroque, Greek, and Roman architectural styles. The Kremlin as a whole is a scalene triangle. The Kremlin covers an area of 275,000 square meters with a circumference of more than 2 kilometers. The world cultural heritage area measures 42.1 hectares. The complex includes 20 towers, many churches, palaces, the Soviet Council of Ministers Building, the Office Building of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Troitsk Bridge, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, etc. The surrounding red wall is 2235 meters long, 6 meters thick, and 14 meters high.
The north corner of the Kremlin is an ancient arsenal, now a weapons exhibition hall; the west corner is the Weapons Palace, now a weapons museum. The Grand Kremlin is the main palace of the Kremlin, located southwest of the Kremlin. The tallest building in the Kremlin is the 81-meter-high Ivan, the Great Bell Tower. From 1532 to 1543, the lower floor was used as a Kremlin museum, exhibiting gold, silver utensils, and other objects. Climb to the top of the tower for a panoramic view of Moscow.
Quick Facts | Size |
---|---|
Building Area | 275,000 square meters |
Circumference | more than 2 kilometers |
Heritage Area | 42.1 hectares |
Highest Point | 81-meter-high, Ivan the Great Bell Tower |
The Grand Kremlin Palace Size | 20,000 square meters |
Red Square Size | 90,000 square meters |
Grand Kremlin Palace
The Grand Kremlin Palace is one of the main buildings in the Kremlin. Inside the Kremlin wall, the beautiful building with three columns of high windows facing the Moskva River is the Grand Kremlin, built on the site of the Old Palace from 1839 to 1849. The interior of the Grand Kremlin Palace is rectangular, with 700 rooms with a total area of 20,000 square meters surrounded by terraces upstairs.
Red Square
Red Square is the oldest square in Moscow and is located on one side of the Eastern Wall of the Kremlin. Although it has been remodeled and rebuilt many times, it remains the same. With a total area of 90,000 square meters, the square is rectangular, long from north to south, and narrow from east to west. Large-scale construction of Red Square took place after 1812. Napoleon's army set fire to Moscow, after which the city was rebuilt, and Red Square was widened. After the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, Moscow became the capital, and Red Square became where the people held celebrations, rallies, and military parades. Lenin's tomb is located in front of the center of the Kremlin wall on Red Square.
History of the Kremlin
Located in the center of Moscow, Russia, the Kremlin is one of the symbols of Russia. Surrounding the Kremlin is a group of large-scale and ingeniously designed buildings such as Red Square and Church Square. In addition, the Privy Council Building was built in the 18th century, and the Grand Kremlin and the Arms Exhibition Hall were built in the 19th century. Each building contains the unparalleled wisdom of the Russian people and is a rare masterpiece in the history of world architecture.
- In 1156, Archduke Yuri Dolgoruki built a small castle out of wood on his territory and named it "Gerginets." In 1320, Ivan I began to build the Kremlin with oak logs and limestone, decorated with intricate and exquisite carvings, each roof was built into a special dome, and the Kremlin became the center of the Principality of Moscow.
- In 1479, the reconstruction of the Uspensky Cathedral in the center of the Kremlin ordered by Ivan III was completed.
- In the 15th-16th centuries, many exquisite and majestic buildings such as the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Church of the Angels, the Church of the Annunciation, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, and the Dolan Palace were built on the central church square.
- In 1812, Napoleon ordered the bombing of the Kremlin, and the Kremlin was greatly damaged. In 1838, the Grand Kremlin was rebuilt, all built by Russian craftsmen using domestic building materials. It looked like a three-story building, but it was two floors. The first floor protruded forward to form an open-air balcony. A place for meetings with social groups.
- In 1935, the double-headed eagle, which had symbolized the authority of the Tsar for centuries, was removed from the Kremlin watchtower and replaced by a red five-pointed star, the symbol of the new regime.
- During World War II, in order to prevent the Luftwaffe from bombing the Kremlin, the Soviets covered up the 28-hectare Kremlin, the building was covered with cloth, and the gold on the top of the churches was also covered with paint. After years of restoration, in 1990, the Kremlin and Red Square were included in the World Heritage List.
Final Words
The Kremlin was built by Russian and foreign architects from the 14th to the 17th century as the tsar's residence and religious center. It was inseparable from Russia's most important historical and political events since the 13th century. At the foot of the defensive walls of Red Square, St. Basil's Church is also one of the most beautiful masterpieces of Russian traditional art.